Bipolar disorder, formerly known as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme and fluctuating mood swings that include episodes of mania and depression. It affects a person’s thoughts, emotions, and behavior and can significantly impact their daily life and relationships.
There are three primary types of bipolar disorder.
Bipolar I Disorder: Individuals with Bipolar I experience manic episodes, which are intense periods of elevated mood, energy, and activity. These manic episodes can last for at least one week and may be accompanied by depressive episodes. Some individuals may also experience mixed episodes, which involve both manic and depressive symptoms simultaneously.
Bipolar II Disorder: Bipolar II is characterized by depressive episodes and hypomanic episodes. Hypomania is a milder form of mania with less severe symptoms than those seen in Bipolar I. People with Bipolar II may not experience full-blown mania.
Cyclothymic Disorder: This is a milder form of bipolar disorder that involves recurrent periods of hypomanic and depressive symptoms that don’t meet the criteria for full-blown mania or major depression. These mood fluctuations are less severe but persist for an extended period.
Common symptoms of bipolar disorder include:
Mania or Hypomania: Elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, racing thoughts, impulsive behaviour, and an inflated sense of self-importance.
Depression: Persistent feelings of sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest or pleasure in activities, changes in appetite or sleep patterns, and thoughts of death or suicide.
Dealing with someone who becomes hostile, angry, or rageful during a bipolar episode can be challenging, but it’s important to approach the situation with care and understanding. Here are some steps to consider:
Stay Calm: It’s essential to remain calm and composed, even if the person is agitated. Your calm demeanor can help de-escalate the situation.
Ensure Safety: Ensure your safety and the safety of others. If the person’s behavior becomes violent or poses a threat, don’t hesitate to call for help from professionals or authorities.
Maintain Boundaries: Set clear boundaries and let the person know what behaviour is acceptable and what is not. Be firm but respectful in communicating these boundaries.
Avoid Triggers: Try to identify and avoid potential triggers that may exacerbate their anger or agitation. This might include reducing noise, bright lights, or other sensory stimuli.
Listen Actively: If the person is willing to talk, listen attentively without judgment. Sometimes, talking about their feelings can help them cope.
Offer Support: Let the person know that you’re there to support them. Offer assistance with finding coping strategies or seeking professional help.
Encourage Professional Help: Suggest that they reach out to a mental health professional or their healthcare provider. Therapy can be effective in managing bipolar disorder.
Be Patient: Bipolar episodes can be distressing for both the person experiencing them and those around them. Be patient and understanding as they navigate their condition.
Educate Yourself: Learn more about bipolar disorder to better understand the condition and its symptoms. This knowledge can help you be more empathetic and prepared.
Avoid Arguments: During an episode, it’s often unproductive to engage in arguments or confrontations. Try to defuse conflicts rather than escalate them.
Offer Distractions: Sometimes, offering a distraction like a calming activity or suggesting a change of scenery can help the person redirect their focus away from their intense emotions.
Encourage a Support Network: Encourage the person to build a strong support network of friends and family who understand their condition and can provide help when needed.
Crisis Hotlines: Be aware of crisis hotlines and helplines that can provide immediate assistance if the situation escalates, such as a suicide prevention hotline.
Document Behaviours: If the person is willing, document their behaviors and emotions during episodes. This information can be valuable when discussing their condition with healthcare professionals.
Practice Self-Compassion: Don’t forget to take care of your own well-being. Supporting someone during a bipolar episode can be emotionally draining, so make sure you have a support system and resources for yourself.
Some supplements and lifestyle changes may potentially support overall mental well-being and mood stabilization for individuals with bipolar disorder. It’s crucial to consult with a healthcare provider before adding any supplements to your or someone else’s treatment plan, as supplements can interact with medications and may not be suitable for everyone.
Here are a few supplements that have been studied in relation to mood and bipolar disorder:
Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Some research suggests that omega-3 fatty acids found in fish oil may have mood-stabilizing effects.
N-Acetylcysteine (NAC): NAC is an antioxidant that has shown potential in some studies for reducing symptoms of bipolar disorder, particularly in the depressive phase.
Vitamins and Minerals: A balanced diet with essential vitamins and minerals like B vitamins, vitamin D, and magnesium is important for overall mental health. Sometimes, individuals with bipolar disorder may have nutrient deficiencies, so a healthcare provider may recommend supplements to address those deficiencies.
Zinc: Some studies have suggested a link between low zinc levels and mood disorders. Zinc supplements may be considered for individuals with bipolar disorder who have a zinc deficiency.
L-Theanine: L-Theanine is an amino acid found in tea leaves and has been associated with relaxation and stress reduction. Some people with mood disorders find it helpful in managing anxiety.
S-Adenosylmethionine (SAMe): SAMe is a compound that plays a role in various biochemical processes in the body, including mood regulation. Some studies have explored its use as an adjunctive treatment for bipolar disorder.
Ginkgo Biloba: Ginkgo biloba is an herbal supplement that some people believe may have cognitive and mood-enhancing effects.
Melatonin: Melatonin is a hormone that regulates sleep-wake cycles. It may be considered for individuals with bipolar disorder who struggle with sleep disturbances, which are common during manic and depressive episodes.
St. John’s Wort or Saffron: Some people explore herbal supplements like St. John’s Wort or Saffron for mood support. However, these can interact with medications and should be used with caution and under professional guidance.
Inositol: Inositol is a naturally occurring compound that has shown potential in some research for reducing symptoms of bipolar depression. It’s available in supplement form.
Remember, bipolar disorder can be managed with a combination of medication, psychotherapy, and lifestyle adjustments. Treatment aims to stabilise mood, reduce the frequency and severity of mood episodes, and improve overall functioning. It’s essential for individuals with bipolar disorder to work closely with healthcare professionals to develop a tailored treatment plan that meets their specific needs.